The Secret of Flight Revealed

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The New Theory of Flight presented on this site explains the generation of both lift and drag of a wing as the  result of Natures ingenious modification of zero lift/drag potential flow at the trailing edge, by a certain separation mechanism, which allows the flow to leave the wing smoothly without the high pressure of potential flow.

The secret of flight is thus directly connected to the separation mechanism which we refer to as

  • rotational slip separation

illustrated in the following picture showing separation from a circular cylinder:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rotational slip separation arises from a basic instability of potential flow, and can thus be seen as Natures way of handling an unstable solution with a singularity. Rotational slip separation is thus a physical mechanism which is observed in both computational simulation solving the Navier-Stokes equations with a slip boundary condition, and in physical experiments.

The New Theory is to be compared with the classical Kutta-Zhukovsky theory of lift, which modifies potential flow by a large scale circulation around the wing section which is neither observed in computation nor in physical experiments, but anyway shown in this fantasy picture with the singularity of potential flow at the trailing edge a reality:

The New Theory thus solves the problem Kutta-Zhukovsky set out to solve, namely to identify how Nature avoids the potential flow separation at the trailing edge which destroys lift.

Kutta-Zhukovsky theory requires the trailing edge to be sharp, which is not fulfilled in practice, while the New Theory describes reality with a more or less sharply rounded or flat-cut trailing edge.

Kutta-Zhukovsky theory gives lift from non-physical circulation, but no drag, and drag of a wing is then supposed to be covered by Prandtl’s boundary layer theory. Classical flight theory thus consists of two separate  theories, on for lift without drag, and another for drag without lift.

The New Theory gives both lift and drag in accordance with observation without both circulation and boundary layers, and thus shows that classical theory has no role to serve. Major work to rewrite textbooks will be required.

4 Comments

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  1. Michele

    I think that the vorticities at the trailing edge of the airfoil must come perpendicular to the mainstream and then arrange according to this splitting themselves into two counter-rotating vortices. That is, there must form few horseshoe vortices and the fluid-dynamic effect is better.

  2. claesjohnson

    Well, this is not what happens in reality: no horseshoe vortices.

  3. Michele

    The tip vortex is generated by the pressure gradients acting in the plane orthogonal to the end edge and then modified, mainly by the velocity gradient.
    It seems obvious to me that the genesis of the vortices is the same even at the trailing edge and thus the vorticity is born parallel to it making a positive contribution to the downwash and so to the lift.
    After, the motion field will change it according to the velocity and vorticity gradients.

  4. Gunnar W Berman

    Hello Claes!
    Had You thought on to use Hopf bifurcations (see R Gilmores on Catastrophe Theory pp 524-530) to describe the swirling at the traing edge of an airfoil?
    Kindest regards!
    Gunnar (W Bergman)
    technical journalist
    former penpal of VI Arnold

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